The branch of science which deals with the extraction of metal from its ore is called Metallurgy. There is no common process available for the extraction of all the metals because they differ in their chemical and physical properties and also the impurities associated with them. However, there are certain operations or procedures common in the metallurgy of all metals. These operations or procedures are called Metallurgical Operations. The various steps involved in metallurgical operations are;
1. Crushing and Grinding of Ore (Pulverisation)
2. Concentration of Ore.
3. Extraction of Metal from Oxide Ore.
4. Refining of Crude Metal.
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